Which term refers to systems that can operate independently and make decisions without human intervention?

The term that refers to systems capable of operating independently and making decisions without human intervention is "autonomous systems." These systems are designed to analyze their environment, process information, and act in a way that achieves predefined goals, often without needing real-time input from humans. This autonomy is pivotal in various applications, such as self-driving cars, drones, and robotic systems, where they can perceive their surroundings, make real-time decisions, and adjust their actions accordingly.

In contrast, predictive systems typically rely on historical data to make forecasts but do not necessarily operate independently in real-time situations. Conversational agents, like chatbots, facilitate communication and provide responses based on user input, but they generally require user interaction to function effectively. Self-learning models, while capable of improving their performance over time through exposure to new data, may still require supervision or feedback and do not encompass the full scope of autonomous decision-making. Thus, autonomous systems stand out for their ability to act independently and make decisions without human assistance.