What type of database organizes data into tables and is managed by a relational database management system?

The correct choice is a relational database because it is specifically designed to organize data into structured tables that can be linked to each other through predefined relationships. This structure allows for efficient data retrieval and manipulation through the use of SQL (Structured Query Language), which is a standard language used for managing and querying relational databases.

In a relational database, data is stored in tables, where each table consists of rows and columns. Each row corresponds to a unique record, and each column holds a particular attribute of that record. This tabular format is fundamental to relational databases, enabling the establishment of relationships between different entities using primary and foreign keys. Such organization facilitates complex queries, ensuring data integrity and minimizing redundancy.

Other types of databases mentioned do not operate on this tabular architecture. NoSQL databases, for example, offer flexible schemas and are more suited for unstructured or semi-structured data. Document-based databases store data in document formats (like JSON), catering mostly to applications that require diverse data structures. Graph databases focus on relationships and connections using nodes, edges, and properties, making them optimal for networked data. Each serves unique use cases but does not conform to the relational model characterized by structured tables that are typical of relational databases.