What term describes a practical technique for problem-solving that offers a quick approximation?

The term that describes a practical technique for problem-solving which offers a quick approximation is "heuristic." Heuristics are rules of thumb or simplified approaches that provide practical solutions to complex problems. They allow individuals to make decisions or find solutions quickly, often when a full analysis would be too time-consuming or impractical.

Heuristics are particularly valuable in scenarios where perfect solutions are not feasible due to time constraints or incomplete information. They help guide decision-making processes in an efficient manner, especially in fields such as AI and cognitive project management, where rapid problem-solving is essential.

In contrast, algorithms refer to well-defined, step-by-step procedures that yield a specific outcome given a particular input, and are often more time-consuming. Methodology involves a systematic framework for the overall conduct of a project or research, which may be broader and more structured than a heuristic. Frameworks are also overarching structures that lay out the fundamentals and guiding principles, but they do not specifically denote the practical, quick nature of heuristics. Thus, the nature of heuristics as practical and quick makes it the most appropriate term for this context.