What specialized programming language is used for managing and querying relational databases?

Structured Query Language (SQL) is specifically designed for managing and querying relational databases. It allows users to create, read, update, and delete data within a database, making it essential for database interactions. SQL includes commands that can manipulate data directly, and its syntax is organized in a way that reflects the structure of the relational model of the database, promoting efficient data handling.

In contrast, the other options do not serve the same purpose. NoSQL refers to a category of database management systems that do not adhere to the relational model, typically accommodating unstructured or semi-structured data. Python and JavaScript are general-purpose programming languages that can interact with databases but do not specialize in the management and querying of relational databases like SQL does. As such, they rely on libraries or frameworks to perform database tasks, which means they are not inherently designed for that purpose. Thus, SQL stands out as the specialized language necessary for performing these operations in relational database environments.