What is a core component of Hadoop that manages and monitors cluster resources?

Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN) is the correct choice because it serves as the resource management layer of Hadoop. YARN is responsible for managing and scheduling resources across the various applications running in a Hadoop cluster, ensuring efficient utilization of resources such as CPU and memory among different tasks. It enables multiple data processing engines to handle data stored in Hadoop, allowing for greater flexibility and efficiency in resource allocation.

In contrast, the Distributed File System is primarily concerned with storage and access to data across the cluster rather than resource management. The MapReduce Framework, while crucial for data processing, focuses on executing data processing jobs and does not handle resource allocation or monitoring. Apache Hive is a data warehouse infrastructure built on top of Hadoop for querying and managing large datasets, but it also does not play a role in resource management. Each of these alternatives has its specific function but does not fulfill the role of managing and monitoring cluster resources like YARN does.