What does the term "malicious AI" refer to?

The term "malicious AI" specifically refers to the intentional use of artificial intelligence to engage in unethical or dangerous activities. This can include the development of systems designed to deceive, manipulate, or harm individuals or organizations, such as creating deepfakes, conducting cyberattacks, or automating fraudulent practices. By focusing on the intentionality behind its use, this definition captures the essence of what makes AI "malicious"—the harmful intent driving its deployment.

In contrast, the other concepts do not align with the notion of "malicious AI." For instance, AI used for educational purposes or enhancing productivity typically reflects positive and constructive applications of the technology. Similarly, AI developed for healthcare applications is aimed at improving outcomes and patient care. Therefore, these alternatives do not encompass the idea of malice or harmful intent that characterizes malicious AI.